גַּם₇₆₈ adverb denoting addition, also, moreover, yea (Moabite id., also Zinjirli (Lzb²⁵⁰ Cooke¹⁶⁶); probably akin to √ ; compare (accusative) in a mass, altogether) —

1 also, moreover, emphasizing sometimes the thought of an entire sentence, but more usually the word immediately following, as Genesis 3:6 וַתִּתֵּן גַּם לְאִישָׁהּ and gave also to her husband, Genesis 3:27 and take also of the tree of life, Genesis 7:3; Genesis 19:21; Genesis 24:19; Genesis 26:21; Genesis 29:27; Genesis 30:15; Genesis 32:21 (גַּם הִגֵּה ֗֗֗ : so Esther 7:9) Genesis 48:11; Exodus 8:28; Exodus 12:32b Deuteronomy 1:37; 1 Samuel 28:20; 2 Samuel 11:12; 2 Kings 9:27; Isaiah 7:13 +. Often before pronouns, Genesis 4:4 וְהֶבֶל הֵבִיא גַם הוּא and Abel, he also brought, Genesis 20:5 וְהִיאגַֿםהִֿוא (so only here) and she herself also, Genesis 20:6; Genesis 27:31 וַיַּעַשׂ גַּם הוּא, Genesis 30:8; Deuteronomy 3:20; Judges 3:31; Judges 6:35; Judges 9:19; 1 Samuel 19:20-24 Jeremiah 12:6; Jeremiah 48:26 etc. (compare MI⁶ ויאמר גם הא): especially in Genealogies of J (Bu^{Urg. 220}) Genesis 4:22,26; Genesis 10:21; Genesis 19:38; Genesis 22:20,24 compare Judges 8:31. גַּם followed by pronoun also begins a sentence with emphasis in an elevated style, thou (they) also, Isaiah 14:10; Jeremiah 12:6 (twice in verse); Jeremiah 48:7; Ezekiel 16:52; Nahum 3:11 (twice in verse). After a pronoun in an oblique case (Ges^{§ 135}, 2) Genesis 27:34; 1 Samuel 19:23; 2 Samuel 17:5; Jeremiah 25:14; Jeremiah 27:7 +. וְגַם and also (more often than גַּם alone attaching a sentence) Genesis 6:4; Genesis 14:16; Genesis 15:14; Genesis 17:16; Genesis 20:12; Genesis 24:14,46; Genesis 30:6; Genesis 37:7; Genesis 38:24; Genesis 42:28; Exodus 2:19; Exodus 3:9; Exodus 4:14; Joshua 7:11 (5 t.) 1 Samuel 4:17; 1 Kings 21:19 + often; with a negative = neither Exodus 5:2; Exodus 34:3 and elsewhere — גַּם ֗֗֗ גַּם (like et ... et) both ... and Genesis 44:16; Genesis 47:3,19; Numbers 18:3; Jeremiah 51:12; Psalm 49:3 +: גַּם ֗֗֗ גַּם ֗֗֗ גַּם Genesis 24:25; Judges 8:22; Ecclesiastes 9:6: with a negative neither ... nor Numbers 23:25; 1 Samuel 20:27; 1 Kings 3:26, and (3t.) Genesis 43:8; Exodus 4:10; 1 Samuel 28:6. So (but seldom) גַּםוְ֗֗֗גַם Genesis 24:44; Exodus 10:25f.; 1 Samuel 2:26; 1 Samuel 12:14; 1 Samuel 26:25: with negative 1 Samuel 21:9. — N.B. In poetry independence and emphasis is sometimes given by גַּם to a new idea, where in English we should be satisfied with and: Psalm 107:5; Psalm 137:1; Job 24:19; Cant 7:14; Lamentations 4:15.

2 with stress on a particular word, even, Exodus 4:9; Numbers 22:33 גַּם אוֺתְךָ even thee I had slain, and kept her alive, 2 Samuel 17:10; Jeremiah 2:33; Psalm 132:12; Proverbs 14:13 even in laughter the heart is sorrowful, Proverbs 14:20; Proverbs 17:28; Proverbs 20:11; Ruth 2:15; Nehemiah 3:35; and so often after כִּי, Deuteronomy 12:31 for even their sons they burn in the fire to their gods, 1 Samuel 22:17; Isaiah 26:12; Jeremiah 6:11; Jeremiah 12:6; Jeremiah 14:5; Hosea 9:12 כִּיגַֿםאֿוֺי לָהֶם for even woe is it to them when I depart from them; הֲגַם Genesis 16:13; 1 Samuel 10:11,12 = 1 Samuel 19:24; 1 Kings 17:20; Psalm 78:20; Job 41:1; Esther 7:8. Other cases: — 1 Samuel 24:12 רְאֵה גַּם רְאֵה see, yea see ! (but Hup^{Qu. Job vi.} גַּם רָאֹה: compare below) Psalm 118:11; Job 2:10 גַּם אֶתהַֿטּוֺב נְקַבֵּל shall we receive good (emphatic) from God and not evil ? Job 21:7; interposed once between a substantive and adjective Genesis 20:4 Gentemne etiam justam interficies? emphasizing כֹּל, Deuteronomy 28:61; Judges 9:49b 1 Samuel 22:7 גַּםֿ לְכֻלְּכֶם to all (emphatic) of you will he give ...? 2 Samuel 19:31 גַּם אֶתהַֿכֹּל יִקָּ֑ח yea, the whole let him take! Isaiah 26:12; אֶחָד 2 Samuel 17:12b and we will not leave גַּם אֶחָד ֗֗֗ even one (similarly 2 Samuel 17:13 b), Psalm 14:3 (= Psalm 53:4) אֵין גַּם אֶחָד; an infinitive or cognate accusative attached to a verb, Genesis 31:15; Genesis 46:4; Numbers 11:15; Numbers 16:13; 1 Samuel 1:6. גַּם שְׁנֵיהֶם literally even both i.e. the one as well as the other (German alle beide) is said idiomatically, Genesis 27:45 (שְׁנֵיכֶם), Deuteronomy 22:22; Deuteronomy 23:19; 1 Samuel 25:43 (שְׁתֵּיהֶן), Proverbs 17:15; Proverbs 20:10,12; Ruth 1:5.

3 introducing a climax, yea, especially in a rhetorical style, Genesis 27:33; Deuteronomy 23:3; Deuteronomy 23:4; Judges 5:4 (twice in verse); Isaiah 13:3; Isaiah 14:8; Isaiah 43:13 yea, from to-day I am the same, Isaiah 44:12 גַּם רָעֵב yea, he is hungry, and has no strength, Isaiah 47:3; Isaiah 48:8 (3 t. in verse); Isaiah 57:7; Jeremiah 46:16; Jeremiah 48:2; Jeremiah 51:44; Hosea 7:9; Psalm 41:10; Psalm 84:7; Psalm 139:12; Isaiah 66:8 כִּיחָֿ֫לָה גַּםיָָֽֿלְדָה, צִיּוֺן אֶתבָּֿנֶיהָ, Jeremiah 5:28; Jeremiah 12:2; Ezekiel 24:5; Job 21:7; Songs 8:1: emphasizing an extreme, or aggravated, case, yea, even, Isaiah 49:15 yea, these may forgot, Jeremiah 8:17 yea, the stork knoweth, etc., Isaiah 23:12 גַּם שָׁם even there no rest shall be for thee (so Psalm 139:10), Isaiah 49:25; Isaiah 57:6; Jeremiah 23:11b; Malachi 3:15; Psalm 84:4.

4 expressing correspondence, especially in the matter of retribution (the גַּם correlativum), so frequently גַּם אֲנִי, גַּם אָנֹכִי I also (on my part): — Genesis 20:6 I also [as well as thyself] know that thou hast done this innocently, Joshua 24:18; Judges 2:21; 1 Samuel 1:28 (compare Dr) 1 Samuel 28:22 גַּם אַתָּה thou also (as I have done 1 Samuel 28:21), 2 Samuel 12:13 ׳י also [responding to thy confession] hath removed thy sin, 2 Kings 2:3,5; Isaiah 31:2; Isaiah 66:3-4 (גם ֗֗֗ גם, emphasizing the action of both parties), Jeremiah 2:36; Jeremiah 4:12 now will I also [in correspondence with their deeds] speak judgments with them, Jeremiah 7:11; Jeremiah 51:49 (גם ֗֗֗ גם), Ezekiel 5:8,11; Ezekiel 16:43 (וְגַם = therefore also), Ezekiel 23:35; Hosea 4:6 because thou hast forgotten the direction of thy God, I also (on my part) will forget thy children, Psalm 52:7 (thou lovest evil, etc.) גַּם אֵל יִתָּצְךָ God also (on his part) will pluck thee up, Psalm 71:22; Psalm 133:1; Proverbs 1:26; Job 7:11; Job 12:3; Job 16:4; so וְגַם Judges 2:3; Amos 4:6,7; Micah 6:13; Malachi 2:9. In the apodosis (uncommon): Genesis 13:16 if a man could number the dust of the earth, גַּם זַרְעֲךָ יִמָּנֶה thy seed also should be numbered, Jeremiah 31:36,37; Jeremiah 33:21,26; Zechariah 8:6. The correspondence is sometimes of the nature of a climax: Genesis 27:33; Genesis 30:8 I have wrestled, גַּם יָכֹלְתִּי (compare 1 Kings 22:22 וְגַם תּוּכָ֔ל, Jeremiah 50:24), Isaiah 66:8.

5 connecting two ideas which express (or imply) a contradiction, גַּם acquires sometimes an adversative force (compare אַף 1 end), yet, but, though: Psalm 95:9 they tried me, but also (Che) saw my work (namely of judgment), Psalm 129:2; Jeremiah 6:15 = Jeremiah 8:12; Ezekiel 20:23; Ecclesiastes 4:8,16; Ecclesiastes 5:18; Nehemiah 6:1. So וְגַם Ezekiel 16:28; Ezekiel 20:15; Ecclesiastes 3:13; Ecclesiastes 6:7; Nehemiah 5:8.

6 גַּם כִּי (with imperfect) yea, when Lamentations 3:8, even when Proverbs 22:6; yea though (stating an imagined case) Isaiah 1:15; Hosea 8:10; Hosea 9:16; Psalm 23:4 (so גַּם אִם Ecclesiastes 8:17); also (is it) that Ruth 2:21 (see כִּי 1d). כִּי גַם = for even (see above 2); = though even, although (conceding a fact) Ecclesiastes 4:14 (see De) Ecclesiastes 8:12.

בְּשַׁגַּ֖ם בשגם גַ֤ם גַּ֕ם גַּ֖ם גַּ֗ם גַּ֚ם גַּ֛ם גַּ֝ם גַּ֞ם גַּ֠ם גַּ֣ם גַּ֣ם ׀ גַּ֤ם גַּ֤ם ׀ גַּ֥ם גַּ֧ם גַּ֭ם גַּֽם־ גַּם֩ גַּם֮ גַּם־ גַֽם־ גַם־ גם גם־ הֲ֠גַם הֲגַ֖ם הֲגַ֥ם הֲגַם־ הגם הגם־ וְ֝גַ֗ם וְ֠גַם וְגַ֕ם וְגַ֖ם וְגַ֗ם וְגַ֛ם וְגַ֡ם וְגַ֣ם וְגַ֣ם ׀ וְגַ֤ם וְגַ֥ם וְגַ֧ם וְגַ֨ם וְגַ֨ם־ וְגַֽם־ וְגַם֙ וְגַם֩ וְגַם־ וגם וגם־ שֶׁגַּם־ שגם־ bə·šag·gam bəšaggam beshagGam gam ḡam gam- ḡam- gamoSha hă·ḡam hă·ḡam- haGam hăḡam hăḡam- šeg·gam- šeggam- sheggam veGam wə·ḡam wə·ḡam- wəḡam wəḡam-Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel Texts